This time we read a part of Linguistics and poetics of Roman Jakobson . He speaks mainly about the relationship of poetry and linguistics. Tells us that the main object of poetics is the specific difference of verbal art in relation to other arts and other types of verbal behavior, has a preeminent position in of literary studies. These are problems of verbal structure and because linguistics is the science that encompasses the whole verbal structure, poetics is considered as an integral part of it.
Many poetic features belong not only the science of language, but the whole theory of signs of semiotics in general. This is true for verbal art and all variants of the language, since it shares many properties with any other system of signs, and even with all of them (traits pansemióticos).
The question of relations between the word and the world does not concern exclusively to art verbal, but to all types of speech. The values \u200b\u200bof truth, as extralinguistic entities, beyond the limits of poetics and linguistics in general.
literary studies, with the poetic to fre nte, consist-like linguistics, in two groups of problems: synchronic and diachronic. Synchronic description considered, not only literary, but also that part of the tradition has remained alive or has been revived for a certain period.
addition, the language should be investigated in the range of its functions. You must define the place of poetry within other functions and this requires analysis of factors involved in any act of speaking, any act of verbal communication. The speaker sends a message to the listener. To be operational, the message requires a context to refer to, susceptible of being grasped by the listener, and verbal ability or to be verbalized, a common code to speaker and listener and last contact, and a transmission channel psychological connection between speaker and listener, allowing both to enter and stay in communication.
Each of these six elements determines a different function of language. Diversity is not the monopoly in one of several functions, but in a different hierarchy. The verbal structure of the message depends on the dominant role basically.
The primary task of many messages is the function called referential oriented, context.
Another is the role emotional or expressive, focused on the speaker , which aims at a direct expression of his attitude toward what he is saying. Purely emotive stratum of a language is represented by the interjections, which differ from the means of a language on its sound pattern. The emotive function setting clear in the interjections is e n utterances to their level phonics, grammar and vocabulary.
The listener oriented conative function is , which finds its purest grammatical expression in the vocative and imperative, that from the viewpoint of syntactic, morphological and phonological category are diverted from other denominations and verbal.
According Bühler, the traditional model of language is reduced to these three functions (emotional, conative and referential), and three angles of this model (the first person speaker, the listener's second and third, someone or something already mentioned, message). But there are three new factors constituting verbal communication and language for three functions.
phatic function refers to messages whose primary function is to establish, extend or terminate the communication, to check if the channel is to attract attention or to confirm or partner continuous extend the communication.
metalinguistic function is present whenever the speaker and / or the listener need to check if they use the same code, fixing the attention of speaking in code.
The trend towards the message itself is poetic function, which can not be studied effectively if it deviates from the general problems of language. Serves to deepen the fundamental dichotomy of signs and objects based on promoting the quality of those obvious.
Jakobson, Roman. Linguistics and Poetics. Madrid: Catedra, 1981.
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